What year is often cited as the origin of the modern game of ice hockey?

The year 1875 is widely recognized as the origin of the modern game of ice hockey, particularly due to a significant event that took place in Montreal, Quebec. This year marks the first recorded game of ice hockey played indoors under organized rules at the Victoria Skating Rink. The game was played between two teams of nine players each and used a puck rather than a ball, which was a crucial evolution in the sport.

This event is pivotal because it led to the development of formal rules, the establishment of leagues, and the standardization of the game that we recognize today. Prior to this event, various forms of hockey existed, but none had the structure and regulations that would define modern ice hockey. The formalization of rules and the indoor setting were key innovations that contributed to the game's growth and popularity, particularly in Canada, where it became a national pastime.

In contrast, earlier years such as 1865, 1885, and 1895 do not represent the same significant turning point in the formal development of ice hockey. While there may have been similar games played in those years, they did not have the same impact on the evolution of the sport as the 1875 game did.